Carbonate Sedimentology

28th IAS Meeting of Sedimentology

2011-07-12T21:08:00.001+08:00

I spent my last week in Zaragoza for the 28th IAS annual meeting. It is a nice place, though it is a little hotter than Bremen. Many famous sedimentologists came from all over the world and had a scientific meeting. This is my first international congress and I feel very lucky to take part in it. I got the travel grant from the IAS, Which means a lot to me. I don't have the chance to give a talk, but a poster is OK for me.My pester is about my work in China on differential diagenesis of limestone-marl alternations. Here is my poster and me.

The morphology of foraminifera tests

2010-11-14T03:51:00.002+08:00

The morphology of foraminifera tests

Modern Foraminifera

Barun K. Sen Gupta

Foraminifera

2010-11-12T17:35:00.002+08:00

Foraminifera

http://www.foraminifera.eu/AtoC.html A good website for Foraminifera genera both in english and german.

Geology Collection/ planktonic foraminifera/ Mediterranean

NTOU-Marine Education Digital Archive-國立台灣海洋大學-海洋教育數位典藏-台灣鄰近海域海洋岩心 [Globigerinoides ruber]

Globigerinoides ruber white (d´Orbigny, 1839)

ITCZ: The Intertropical Convergence Zone

2010-11-07T02:33:00.002+08:00

Near the equator, from about 5° north and 5° south, the northeast trade winds and southeast trade winds converge in a low pressure zone known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone or ITCZ. Solar heating in the region forces air to rise through convection which results in a plethora of precipitation. The ITCZ is a key component of the global circulation system.
Weather stations in the equatorial region record precipitation up to 200 days each year, making the equatorial and ITC zones the wettest on the planet. The equatorial region lacks a dry season and is constantly hot and humid.
The migration of the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in Africa affects seasonal precipitation patterns across that continent.

ITCZ

From: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/ITCZ_january-july.png

Seasonal Migration of the ITCZ in Africa

From: http://people.cas.sc.edu/carbone/modules/mods4car/africa-itcz/index.html

Climate change in East Africa

2010-11-07T02:12:00.000+08:00

Tropical Africa have a great impact on global climate change. It is influenced by Indian and Atlantic oceans. Comparative with lots of research work in Atlantic oceans, we know little on west Indian ocean around this area. So far, the information that we understand the climate change mostly is from lake sediments.
The East Africa Rift Lakes provide excellent records of paleoclimate from LGM. A lot of work has been done with variety of methods. Many factors has been proposed to explain the region climate change, such as the migration of ITCZ, Indian monsoon,SST of Indian ocean(IOD).
In order to better understand the climate change of East Africa, research from west Indian ocean is necessary.

Picture from http://geology.com/articles/east-africa-rift/figure1.jpg

The 2009 version of the International Stratigraphic Chart

2010-10-12T17:35:00.001+08:00

The 2009 version of the International Stratigraphic Chart can be downloaded from the following address:http://www.stratigraphy.org/upload/ISChart2009.pdf
I have transformed it into jpeg format.

The 2009 stratigraphic scale has a new definition of Pleistocene.

Trace fossil?

2010-10-11T17:17:00.001+08:00

We found these trace fossils in our field work. But I don't know what their paleo-oxygenation facies implications?
Here are the photos.
Age: Middle Permian
Place: South China
Depositional environment: shallow marine carbonate platform, because much green algae is present.

Dasycladalean alga

Trace fossil 1

Trace fossil 2

MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences

2010-10-04T23:47:00.002+08:00

marum - MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences

I will be here in the next four years! A nice place!

IGCP-580-Magnetic Susceptibility

2010-09-30T19:17:00.001+08:00

I find a good network resource on magnetic susceptibility.

And there will be a meeting on the topic in Guilin, China.

IGCP-580-Magnetic Susceptibility

The Indian Ocean Dipole

2010-09-27T21:05:00.000+08:00

The IOD involves an aperiodic oscillation of sea-surface temperatures, between "positive", "neutral" and "negative" phases. A positive phase sees greater-than-average sea-surface temperatures and greater precipitation in the western Indian Ocean region, with a corresponding cooling of waters in the eastern Indian Ocean—which tends to cause droughts in adjacent land areas of Indonesia and Australia. The negative phase of the IOD brings about the opposite conditions, with warmer water and greater precipitation in the eastern Indian Ocean, and cooler and drier conditions in the west.

http://www.jamstec.go.jp/frsgc/research/d1/iod/

http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=10897&i=6626&x=12 (picture from)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Dipole

I am in Germany now

2010-09-27T01:43:00.001+08:00

After a long time of preparation, I have been in Bremen, Germany now!
I have been here for three weeks already. Lots of tings need me to learn. I will spend four years here, MARUM of University of Bremen for my PhD project. It is a new field to me, because I never did any research on modern marine sediments. So I need to learn much about pale-oceanography and paleoclimate, and the first thing is learn to pick foraminifera, such as G.ruber.
Thanks to those who help me a lot recently. Thanks my boss and Mis.Guo to pick me up at the airport. Thanks a lot to Fei for rent for me. Thanks the staff of the BSU and international office. Also thanks all the people who help me in different ways.
Germans are really friendly, I feel good here.

Bless myself and those who care about me!

G.ruber

http://www.soes.soton.ac.uk/resources/collection/fossils/Forams/Eelco/red-sea/pages/G-ruber.htm

Celestite from Qixia Formation

2010-08-31T22:50:00.001+08:00

Celestite(SrSO4) is a mineral consisting of strontium sulfate. It is a unique mineral in Middle Permian of South China. It looks like chrysanthemum, so it is called chrysanthemum stone in China. It is a diagenetic product of BSR, during which unstable aragonite is dissolved and release Sr.
Because it is produced in early diagensis, it can record information of seawater. Strontium isotope of celestite will be of great scientific significance.

More information please reference to this article:
Yan, J., and Carlson, E.H., 2003, Nodular celestite in the Chihsia Formation (Middle Permian) of south China: Sedimentology, v. 50, p. 265-278.

Paleogeography of Middle Permian

2010-08-19T17:58:00.000+08:00

A knowledge of the paleogeographic context is essential to properly understand global patterns of climate change, faunal and floral distributions, ecology, evolution and extinctions. For my Permian work, I've used maps produced by my colleague Fred Ziegler and others at the Paleogeographic Atlas Project (PGAP), The University of Chicago. They remain the most detailed set of Permian global paleogeographic maps available.

http://www.geo.arizona.edu/~rees/Permintro2.html

Petrology of Carbonate Hardgrounds

2010-08-15T22:48:00.000+08:00

Introduction to the Project:

Hardgrounds, synsedimentarily lithified carbonate sea-floors, are fascinating geological and biological systems. They are found throughout the Phanerozoic in sufficient numbers to be geologically useful, yet well-preserved examples are scarce enough to be of unusual interest...
http://www3.wooster.edu/geology/hdgd/hdgdmain.html

Benthic carbonate factories of the Phanerozoic

2010-08-13T21:23:00.003+08:00

Benthic carbonate factories of the Phanerozoic

Wolfgang Schlager

Abstract

Marine carbonate precipitation occurs in three basic modes: abiotic (or quasi-abiotic), biotically induced, and biotically controlled. On a geologic scale, these precipitation modes combine to form three carbonate production systems, or "factories" in the benthic environment: (1) tropical shallow-water factory, dominated by biotically controlled (mainly photo-autotrophic) and abiotic precipitates; (2) cool-water factory, dominated by biotically controlled (mainly heterotrophic) precipitates; and (3) mud-mound factory, dominated by biotically induced (mainly microbial) and abiotic precipitates. Sediment accumulations of the factories differ in composition, geometry, and facies patterns, and some of these differences appear prominently in seismic data, thus facilitating subsurface prediction. The characteristic accumulation of the tropical factory is the flat-topped, often reef-rimmed platform. In cool-water systems, reefs in high-energy settings are scarce and hydrodynamic influence dominates, producing seaward-sloping shelves and deep-water sediment drifts often armored by skeletal framework. The typical accumulation of the mud-mound factory is groups of mounds in deeper water. Where the mud-mound factory expands into shallow water, it forms rimmed platforms similar to the tropical factory. The tropical factory is most productive; the mud-mound factory reaches 80–90%, and the cool-water factory 20–30% of the tropical growth rate. The three factories represent end members connected by transitions in space. Transitions in time are linked to biotic evolution.

Heterozoan carbonates in subtropical to tropical settings in the present and past

2010-08-11T22:49:00.000+08:00

Westphal, H., Halfar, J., and Freiwald, A., 2010, Heterozoan carbonates in subtropical to tropical settings in the present and past: International Journal of Earth Sciences, p. 1-17.

Abstract

Water temperature has received considerable attention as steering factor for the genesis of different types of marine carbonate sediments. However, parameters other than temperature also strongly influence ecosystems and, consequently, the carbonate grain associations in the resulting carbonate rock. Among those factors are biological evolution, water energy, substrate, water chemistry, light penetration, trophic conditions, CO2 concentrations, and Mg/Ca ratios in the seawater. Increased nutrient levels in warm-water settings, for example, lead to heterotrophic-dominated associations that are characteristic of temperate to cool-water carbonates. Failure to recognize the influence of such environmental factors that shift the grain associations towards heterotrophic communities in low latitudes can lead to misinterpretation of climatic conditions in the past. Modern analogues of low-latitude heterozoan carbonates help to recognize and understand past occurrences of heterozoan warm-water carbonates. Careful analysis of such sediments therefore is required in order to achieve robust reconstructions of past climate.

Geological Society, London, Special Publications

2010-08-09T22:01:00.002+08:00

Geological Society, London, Special Publications
SP343 Dinosaurs and Other Extinct Saurians: A Historical Perspective 2010
SP342 Monsoon Evolution and Tectonics–Climate Linkage in Asia 2010
SP341 Evolution of the Levant Margin and Western Arabia Platform since the Mesozoic 2010
SP340 Sedimentary Basin Tectonics from the Black Sea and Caucasus to the Arabian Platform 2010
SP339 The Evolving Continents: Understanding Processes of Continental Growth 2010
SP338 The Evolving Continents: Understanding Processes of Continental Growth 2010
SP337 Petrological Evolution of the European Lithospheric 2010
SP336 Tufas and Speleothems: Unravelling the Microbial and Physical Controls 2010
SP335 Continental Tectonics and Mountain Building: The Legacy of Peach and Horne 2010
SP334 The Triassic Timescale 2010
SP333 Natural Stone Resources for Historical Monuments 2010
SP332 Advances in Interpretation of Geological Processes: Refinement of Multi-scale Data and Integration in Numerical Modelling 2010
SP331 Limestone in the Built Environment: Present-Day Challenges for the Preservation of the Past 2010
SP330 Tectonic and Stratigraphic Evolution of Zagros and Makran during the Mesozoic–Cenozoic 2010
SP329 Mesozoic and Cenozoic Carbonate Systems of the Mediterranean and the Middle East: Stratigraphic and Diagenetic Reference Models 2010
SP328 The Origin and Evolution of the Caribbean Plate 2009
SP327 Ancient Orogens and Modern Analogues 2009
SP326 Global Neoproterozoic Petroleum Systems: The Emerging Potential in North Africa 2009
SP325 Early Palaeozoic Peri-Gondwana Terranes: New Insights from Tectonics and Biogeography 2009
SP324 Thermochronological Methods - From Palaeotemperature Constraints to Landscape Evolution Models 2009
SP323 Palaeoproterozoic Supercontinents and Global Evolution 2009
SP322 Geohazard in Rocky Coastal Areas 2009
SP321 Extending a Continent - Architecture, Rheology and Heat Budget 2009
SP320 Periglacial and Paraglacial Processes and Environments 2009
SP319 Sediment-Hosted Gas Hydrates: New Insights on Natural and Synthetic Systems 2009
SP318 Earth Accretionary Systems in Space and Time 2009
SP317 The Making of the Geological Society of London 2009
SP316 Palaeoseismology: Historical and prehistorical records of earthquake ground effects for seismic hazard assessment 2009
SP315 Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia 2009
SP314 Devonian Change: Case Studies in Palaeogeography and Palaeoecology 2009
SP313 Underground Gas Storage 2009
SP312 South Caspian to Central Iran Basins 2009
SP311 Collision and Collapse at the Africa-Arabia-Eurasia Subduction Zone 2009
SP310 Geology and Religion: A History of Harmony and Hostility 2009
SP309 The Future of Geological Modelling in Hydrocarbon Development 2008
SP308 Geodynamic Evolution of East Antarctica: A key to the East-West Gondwana Connection 2008
SP307 Fluid Motions in Volcanic Conduits: A Source of Seismic and Acoustic Signals 2008
SP306 The Nature & Origin of Compression in Passive Margins 2008
SP305 Communicating Environmental Geoscience 2008
SP304 Dynamics of Crustal Magma Transfer, Storage and Differentiation 2008
SP303 Biogeochemical Controls on Palaeoceanographic Climate Proxies 2008、
SP302 Structure and Emplacement of High-Level Magmatic Systems 2008
SP301 History of Geomorphology and Quaternary Geology 2008
SP300 The History of Geoconservation 2008
SP299 The Internal Structure of Fault Zones 2008
SP298 Tectonic Aspects of the Alpine-Dinaride-Carpathian System 2008
SP297 The Boundaries of the West African Craton 2008SP296 Landscape Evolution 2008
SP295 Fishes and the Break-up of Pangea 2008
SP294 West Gondwana: Pre-Cenozoic correlations across the South Atlantic region 2008
SP293 Metasomatism in Oceanic and Continental Lithospheric Mantle 2008
SP292 Structurally Complex Reservoirs 2007
SP291 The Geodynamics of the Aegean and Anatolia 2007
SP290 Tectonics of Strike-Slip Restraining and Releasing Bends 2007
SP289 The Relationship Between Damage and Localization 2007
SP288 Climate Change and Groundwater 2008
SP287 Four Centuries of Geological Travel 2007
SP286 The Rise and Fall of the Ediacaran Biota 2007
SP285 Evaporites Through Space and Time 2007
SP284 Rock Physics and Geomechanics in the Study of Reservoir and Repositories 2007
SP283 Mapping Hazardous Terrain Using Remote Sensing 2007SP282 Imaging, Mapping and Modelling Extensional Processes 2007
SP281 The Role of Women in the History of Geology 2007
SP280 Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning Under Eastern Asia 2007
SP279 Natural and Anthropogenic Hazards in Karst Areas 2007
SP278 Devonian Events and Correlations 2007
SP277 Seismic Geomorphology 2007
SP276 Economic and Palaeoceanographic Importance of Contourites 2007
SP275 Palaeozoic Reefs and Bioaccumulations 2007
SP274 Coastal and Shelf Sediment Transport 2007
SP273 Myth & Geology 2007
SP272 Deformation of the Continental Crust 2007
SP271 Building Stone Decay from Diagnosis to Conservation 2007
SP270 Fractured Reservoirs 2007
SP269 Mechanisms of Activity and Unrests at Large Calderas 2006
SP268 Channel Flow, Ductile Extrusion and Exhumation 2006
SP267 New Techniques in Sediment Core Analysis 2006
SP266 Functions of Soils for Human Societies and the Environment 2006
SP265 Non-Marine Permian Biostratigraphy and Biochronology 2006
SP264 Compositional Data Analysis in the Geosciences 2006
SP263 Fluid Flow and Solute Movement in Sandstones: The Onshore UK Permo-Triassic Red Bed Sequence 2006
SP262 Tectonics of the Western Mediterranean and North Africa 2006
SP261 Fractal Analysis for Natural Hazards 2006
SP260 Tectonic Development of the Eastern Mediterranean Region 2006
SP259 The Afar Volcanic Province within the East African Rift System 2006
SP258 Cretaceous-Tertiary High-Latitude Palaeoenvironments 2006
SP257 Geomaterials in Cultural Heritage 2006
SP256 The History of Meteorites and Key Meteorite Collections: fireballs, Falls and Finds 2006
SP255 Cool Water Carbonates: Depositional Systems and Palaeoenvironmental Controls 2006
SP254 The Deliberate Search for the Stratigraphic Trap 2006
SP253 Analogue and Numerical Modelling of Crustal-Scale Processes 2006
SP252 The Neuquen Basin, Argentina 2005
SP251 Alluvial Fans 2005
SP250 Sustainable Minerals Operations in the Developing Worlds 2005
SP249 Understanding the Micro to Macro Behaviour of rock-Fluid Systems 2005
SP248 Mineral Deposits and Earth Evolution 2005
SP247 Early-Middle Pleistocene Transitions 2005
SP246 Terrane Processes at the Margins of Gondwana 2005
SP245 High-Strain Zones 2005
SP244 Submarine Slope Systems 2005
SP243 Deformation Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics 2005
SP242 Cryospheric Systems: Glaciers and Permafrost 2005
SP241 History of Palaeobotany 2005
SP240 Petrophysical Properties of Crystal Rock 2005
SP239 Geological Prior Information 2004
SP238 Magnetic Fabric 2004
SP237 Understanding Petroleum Reservoirs: Towards an Integrated Reservoir Engineering and Geochemical Approach 2004
SP236 Energy, Waste and the Environment: a Geochemical Perspective 2004
SP235 The Geometry and Petrogenesis of Dolomite Hydrocarbon Reservoirs 2004
SP234 Physical Geology of High-Level Magmatic Systems 2004
SP233 Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide 2004
SP232 Forensic Geoscience 2004
SP231 The Initiation, Propagation, and Arrest of Joints and Other Fractures 2004SP230 The Palynology and Micropalaeontology of Boundaries 2004
SP229 Origin and Evolution of the Ontong Java Plateau 2004
SP228 The Application of Ichnology to Palaeoenvironmental and Stratigraphic Analysis 2004
SP227 Vertical Coupling and Decoupling in the Lithosphere 2004
SP226 Aspects of the Tectonic Evolution of China 2004
SP225 200 Years of British Hydrogeology 2004
SP224 Flow Processes in Faults and shear Zones 2004
SP223 Permo-Carboniferous Magmatism and Rifting in Europe 2004
SP222 Confined Turbidite Systems 2004
SP221 Deep-Water Sedimentation in the Alpine Basin SE France 2004
SP220 Geochronology: Linking Isotope Record with Petrology and Textures 2003
SP219 Intra-Oceanic Subduction Systems 2003
SP218 Ophiolites in Earth History 2003
SP217 Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs 2003
SP216 Subsurface Sediment Mobilization 2003
SP215 Application of X-ray Computed Tomography in the Geosciences 2003
SP214 Hydrocarbons in Crystalline Rocks 2003
SP213 Volcanic Degassing 2003SP212 New Insights into Structural Interpretation and Modelling 2003
SP211 Ground Penetrating Radar in Sediments 2003
SP210 Intraplate Strike-slip Deformation Belts 2003
SP209 Fracture & In-Situ Stress Characterization of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs 2003
SP208 Tracing Tectonic Deformation Using the Sedimentary Record 2003
SP207 Petroleum Geology of Africa: New Themes and Developing Technologies 2003
SP206 Proterozoic East Gondwana: Supercontinent Assembly and Breakup 2003
SP205 Natural Stone Weathering Phenomena, Conservation Strategies and Case Studies 2002
SP204 The Timing and Location of Major Ore Deposits in an Evolving Orogen 2002
SP203 Glacier Influenced Sedimentation on High-Latitude Continental Margins 2002
SP202 Volcano-Ice Interaction on Earth and Mars 2002
SP201 Palaeozoic Amalgamation of Central Europe 2002
SP200 Deformation Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics: Current Status and Future Perspectives 2002
SP199 The Early Earth: Physical, Chemical and Biological Development 2002
SP198 Mine Water Hydrogeology and Geochemistry 2002
SP197 The North Atlantic Igneous Province: Stratigraphy, Tectonic, Volcanic and Magmatic Processes 2002
SP196 Exhumation of the North Atlantic Margin: Timing, Mechanisms and Implications for Petroleum Exploration 2002
SP195 The Tectonic and Climatic Evolution of the Arabian Sea Region 2002
SP194 Palaeobiogeography and Biodiversity Change: the Ordovician and Mesozoic-Cenozoic Radiations 2002
SP193 Sustainable Groundwater Development 2002
SP192 The Earth Inside and Out: Some Major contributions to Geology in the Twentieth Century 2002
SP191 Sediment Flux to Basins: Causes, Controls and Consequences 2002
SP190 The Age of the Earth: from 4004BC to AD2002 2001
SP189 Palaeowaters in Coastal Europe: evolution of groundwater since the late Pleistocene 2001
SP188 The Petroleum Exploration of Ireland's Offshore Basins 2001
SP187 Non-volcanic Rifting of Continental Margins 2001
SP186 The Nature and Tectonic Significance of Fault Zone Weakening 2001
SP185 Drift Exploration in Glaciated Terrain 2001
SP184 Continental Reactivation and Reworking 2001
SP183 Western North Atlantic Palaeogene and Cretaceous Palaeoceanography 2001
SP182 Groundwater in the Celtic Regions: Studies in Hard Rock and Quaternary Hydrogeology 2000
SP181 Climate: Past and Present 2000
SP180 New Perspectives on the Old Red Sandstone 2000
SP179 Orogenic Processes: Quantification and Modelling in the Variscan Belt 2000
SP178 Carbonate Platform Systems: components and interactions 2000
SP177 Evolutionary Biology of the Bivalvia 2000
SP176 Deformation of Glacial Materials 2000
SP175 Coastal and Estuarine Environments: sedimentology, geomorphology and geoarchaeology 2000
SP174 Salt, Shale and Igneous Diapirs in and around Europe 2000
SP173 Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surrounding Area 2000
SP172 Sedimentary Response to Forced Regression 2000
SP171 The Archaeology of Geological Catastrophes 2000
SP170 Tectonics of Nanga Parbat Syntaxis and the Western Himalaya 2000
SP169 Forced Folds and Fractures 1999
SP168 Understanding Granites: Integrating New and Classical Techniques 1999
SP167 Dynamics of the Norwegian Margin 2000
SP166 Holocene Land-Ocean Interaction and Environmental Change around the North Sea 2000
SP165 Geoarchaeology: exploration, environments, resources 1999
SP164 Continental Tectonics 1999
SP163 Floodplains: Interdisciplinary Approaches 1999
SP162 Uplift, Erosion and Stability: perspectives on long-term landscape development 1999
SP161 Volcanoes in the Quaternary 1999
SP160 In Sight of the Suture: the Palaeozoic geology of the Isle of Man in its Iapetus Ocean context 1999
SP159 Borehole Imaging: Applications and Case Histories 1999
SP158 Muds and Mudstones: Physical and Fluid-Flow Properties 1999
SP157 Chemical Containment of Waste in the Geosphere 1999
SP156 The Mediterranean Basins: Tertiary Extension within the Alpine Orogen 1999
SP155 Fractures, Fluid Flow and Mineralization 1999
SP154 Exhumation Processes: Normal Faulting, Ductile Flow and Erosion 1999
SP153 The Oil and Gas Habitats of the South Atlantic 1999
SP152 Biostratigraphy in Production and Development Geology 1999
SP151 Palaeomagmatism & Diagenesis in Sediments 1999
SP150 James Hutton: Present and Future 1999
SP149 Carbonate Ramps 1999
SP148 Modern Ocean Floor Processes and the Geological Record 1998
SP147 Faulting, Fault Sealing and Fluid Flow in Hydrocarbon Reservoirs 1998
SP146 Coastal Tectonics 1999
SP145 The Physics of Explosive Volcanic Eruptions 1995
SP144 Dating and Duration Fluid Flow and Fluid-Rocks Interaction 1998
SP143 Lyell: The Past is the Key to the Present 1998
SP142 The Proto-Andean Margin of Gondwana 1998
SP141 Basin Modelling: Practice and Progress 1998
SP140 Meteorites - Flux with Time and Impact Effects 1998
SP139 Sediment Processes in the Intertidal Zone 1998
SP138 What Drives Metamorphism and Metamorphic Reactions? 1998
SP137 Gas Hydrates: Relevance to world margin stability and climatic change 1998
SP136 Core-Log Integration 1998
SP135 Continental Transpressional and Transtensional Tectonics 1998
SP134 Cenozoic Foreland Basins Western Europe 1998
SP133 Development, Evolution and Petroleum Geology of the Wessex Basin 1998
SP132 Petroleum Geology of North Africa 1998
SP131 Geological Evolution of Ocean Basins: Results from the Ocean Drilling Program 1998
SP130 Groundwater Pollution, Acquifer Recharge and Vulnerability 1998
SP129 Geological Processes on Continental Margins: Sedimentation, Mass-Wasting and Stability 1998
SP128 Groundwater Contaminants and their Migration 1998
SP127 Structural Geology in Reservoir Characterization 1998
SP126 Petroleum Geology of Southeast Asia 1997
SP125 European Coal Geology and Technology 1997
SP124 Petroleum Geology of the Irish Sea and Adjacent Areas 1997
SP123 Petroleum Geology of the Southern North Sea: Future Potential 1997
SP122 Developments In Petrophysics 1997
SP121 Orogeny Through Time 1997
SP120 Palaeosurfaces: Recognition, Reconstruction and Palaeoenvironmental Interpretation 1997
SP119 Manganese Mineralization: Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Terrestrial and Marine Deposits 1996
SP118 Tectonic, Magmatic, Hydrothermal, and Biological Segmentation of Mid-Ocean Ridges 1996
SP117 Geology of Siliciclastic Shelf Seas 1996
SP116 Palaeoclimatology and Palaeoceanography from Laminated Sediments 1996
SP115 Global Continental Changes: the context of Palaeohydrology 1996
SP114 Geology of The Humber Group: Central Graben and Moray Firth, UKCS 1996
SP113 Environmental Geochemistry and Health 1996
SP112 Precambrian Crustal Evolution in the North Atlantic Region 1996
SP111 Late Quaternary Palaeoceanography of the North Atlantic Margins 1996
SP110 Volcano Instability on the Earth and Other Planets 1996
SP109 Coalbed Methane and Coal Geology 1996
SP108 Weddell Sea Tectonics and Gondwana Break-up 1996
SP107 Recent Advances in Lower Carboniferous Geology 1996
SP106 Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia 1996
SP105 Palaeomagnetism and Tectonics of the Mediterranean Region 1996
SP104 High Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy: Innovations and Applications 1996
SP103 Sequence Stratigraphy In British Geology 1996
SP102 Biotic Recovery From Mass Extinction Events 1996
SP101 Correlation of the Early Palaeogene In Northwest Europe 1996
SP100 Salt Tectonics 1996
SP099 Modern Developments In Structural Interpretation, Validation and Modelling 1996
SP098 Palaeomagnetic Applications in Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production 1995
SP097 Geological Data Management 1995
SP096 Island Britain: a Quaternary Perspective 1995
SP095 Early Precambrian Processes 1995
SP094 Characterization of Deep Marine Clastic Systems 1995
SP093 The Petroleum Geology of Ireland's Offshore Basin 1995
SP092 Fractography: Fracture Topography as a tool in fracture mechanics and stress analysis 1995
SP091 Permian and Triassic Rifting in Northwest Europe 1995
SP090 The Tectonics, Sedimentation and Palaeoceanography of the North Atlantic Region 1995
SP089 Non-Biostratigraphical Methods of Dating and Correlation 1995
SP088 Basin Inversion 1995
SP087 Hydrothermal Vents and Processes 1995
SP086 The Geochemistry of Reservoirs 1995
SP085 Orbital Forcing Timescales and Cyclostratigraphy 1995
SP084 New Development in Improved Oil Recovery 1995
SP83P Marine Palaeoenvironmental Analysis from Fossils (Paperback) 1995
SP082 European Coal Geology 1995
SP081 Volcanism Associated With Extension at Consuming Plate Margins 1995
SP080 Hydrocarbon Habitat in Rift Basins 1995
SP079 Mineral Resource Evaluation II: Methods and Case Histories 1994
SP078 Geofluids: Origin, Migration and Evolution of Fluids in Sedimentary Basins 1994
SP077 Coal & Coal-Bearing Strata as Oil-prone Source Rocks? 1994
SP076 Magmatic Processes and Plate Tectonics 1993
SP075 Braided Rivers 1993
SP074 Himalayan Tectonics 1993
SP073 Characterization of Fluvial & Aeolian Reservoirs 1993
SP072 Dynamics and Environmental Context of Aeolian Sedimentary Systems 1993
SP071 Tectonics and Seismic Sequence Stratigraphy 1993
SP070 High Resolution Stratigraphy 1993
SP069 Advances In Reservoir Geology 1992
SP068 Magmatism and the Causes of Continent Break-up 1992
SP067 Exploration Britain 1992
SP066 The Hydrogeology of Crystalline Basement Aquifers in Africa 1992
SP065 Geological Applications Wireline Logs II 1992
SP064 Upwelling Systems: Evolution Since the Early Miocene 1992
SP063 Case Histories and Methods In Mineral Resource Evaluation 1992
SP062 Basins On The Atlantic Seaboard: Petroleum Geology, Sedimentology and Basin Evolution 1992
SP061 Geology of the Brent Group 1992
SP060 Ophiolites and Their Modern Oceanic Analogues 1992
SP059 Petroleum Migration 1991
SP058 Modern and Ancient Continental Shelf Anoxia 1991
SP057 Developments in Sedimentary Provenance Studies 1991
SP056 Geometry of Normal Faults 1991
SP055 Tectonic Events Responsible for Britain's Oil and Gas Reserves 1990
SP054 Deformation Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics 1990
SP053 Glacimarine Environments: Processes and Sediments 1990
SP052 Phosphorite Research and Development 1990
SP051 The Cadomian Orogeny 1990
SP050 Classic Petroleum Provinces 1990
SP049 The Geology and Tectonics of The Oman Region 1990
SP048 Geological Applications of Wireline Logs 1990
SP047 Origins and Evolution of the Antarctic Biota 1989
SP046 Phanerozoic Ironstones 1989
SP045 Alpine Tectonics 1989
SP044 Inversion Tectonics 1989
SP043 Evolution of Metamorphic Belts 1989
SP042 Magmatism in the Ocean Basins 1989
SP041 Deltas: Sites and Traps Fossil Fuel 1989
SP040 Lacustrine Petroleum Source Rocks 1988
SP039 Early Tertiary Volcanism and the Opening of the NE Atlantic 1988
SP038 The Caledonian-Appalachian Orogen 1988
SP037 Gondwana and Tethys 1988
SP036 Diagenesis of Sedimentary Sequences 1987
SP035 Desert Sediments: Ancient and Modern 1987
SP034 Fluid Flow In Sedimentary Basins and Aquifers 1987
SP033 Geochemistry and Mineralization of Proterozoic Volcanic Suites 1987
SP032 Coal and Coal-bearing Strata: Recent Advances 1987
SP031 Geology and Geochemistry of Abyssal Plains 1987
SP030 Alkaline Igneous Rocks 1987
SP029 Deformation of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks 1987
SP028 Continental Extensional Tectonics 1987
SP027 Evolution of The Lewisian and Comparable Precambrian High Grade Terrains 1987
SP026 Marine Petroleum Source Rocks 1987
SP025 Sedimentation In The African Rifts 1986
SP024 Nature of The Lower Continental Crust 1986
SP023 Habitat of Palaeozoic Gas 1986
SP022 The English Zechstein and Related Topics 1986
SP021 North Atlantic Palaeoceanography 1986
SP020 Palaeoecology and Biostratigraphy of Graptolites 1986
SP019 Collision Tectonics 1986
SP018 Sedimentology: Recent Developments and Applied Aspects (Hardback) 1985
SP017 The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean 1996
SP016 Marginal Basin Geology Volcanic and Associated Sedimentary and Tectonic Processes in Modern and Ancient Marginal Basins 1984
SP015 Fine Grained Sediments: Deep Water Processes and Facies 1984
SP014 Variscan Tectonics of the North Atlantic Region 1984
SP013 Ophiolites and Oceanic Lithosphere 1984
SP012 Petroleum Geochemistry and Exploration of Europe 1983
SP011 Residual Deposits: Surface Related Weathering Processes and Materials 1983
SP010 Trench And Forearc Geology 1982
SP009 Thrust and Nappe Tectonics 1981
SP008 The Caledonides of the British Isles Reviewed 1979
SP007 Volcanic Processes in Ore Genesis 1977
SP006 Geological Background To Fossil Man 1978
SP005 Phanerozoic Time Scale-A Supplement 1971
SP004 Mesozoic-Cenozoic Orogenic Belts 1974
SP003 Time and Place in Orogeny 1969
SP002 The Fossil Record 1967
SP001 The Phanerozoic Time-scale: A Symposium 1964

Carbonate Depositional Systems: Assessing Dimensions and Controlling Parameters

2010-05-31T12:11:00.004+08:00

Carbonate Depositional Systems: Assessing Dimensions and Controlling Parameters
The Bahamas, Belize and the Persian/Arabian Gulf
Westphal, Hildegard; Riegl, Bernhard; Eberli, Gregor P. (Eds.)
1st Edition., 2010, 270 p., Hardcover
ISBN: 978-90-481-9363-9
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABOUT THIS BOOK
Carbonate sediments are of increasing relevance for archives of past environmental conditions and for economical reasons in areas of geothermal energy and hydrocarbon reservoirs. Complex interaction of physical and chemical parameters with biological parameters determines the architecture and composition of carbonate sedimentary bodies. This book closes some of the still existing gaps in our understanding of the influence and interplay of physical, chemical, and biological parameters with carbonate sedimentation. An understanding of this interaction is not only required for reliable prediction of reservoir quality but also for a robust interpretation of environmental conditions in the past and the present. It is written by geologists for geologists in order to provide an easily accessible overview of the large amount of relevant information provided by the neighbouring sciences. The approach of the book is to document the modern depositional environments of three classical areas of carbonate deposition, each characteristic for a specific sedimentological setting (isolated platform, attached shelf, ramp) in order to assess both the range of physical, biological and chemical parameters and their sedimentary response. This book presents a comprehensive compilation based on data from published work and unpublished theses, and the integration of these data in order to extract previously undiscovered relationships between the discussed parameters and carbonate deposition.
1. Parameters controlling modern carbonate depositional environments - Approach
Hildegard Westphal, Gregor P. Eberli and Bernhard Riegl
2. Controlling parameters on facies geometries of the Bahamas, an isolated carbonate platform environment
Kelly L. Bergman, Hildegard Westphal, Xavier Janson, Anthony Poiriez, and Gregor P. Eberli
3. Belize - A Modern Example of a Mixed Carbonate-Siliciclastic Shelf
Donald F. McNeill, Xavier Janson, Kelly L. Bergman, and Gregor P. Eberli
4. The Persian Gulf – Facies belts, Physical and Chemical Parameters of the Ocean
Bernhard Riegl, Anthony Poiriez, Xavier Janson, and Kelly L. Bergman
5. Summary – the depositional systems of the Bahamas, Belize and the Persian/Arabian Gulf compared
Gregor P. Eberli and Hildegard Westphal

Carbonate ramp depositional environments

2010-03-16T22:37:00.006+08:00

Carbonate ramp depositional environments

The first concept of a carbonate ramp was given by Ahr (1973) as an contrast to steep-sloped and reefrimmed shelves. Ramps can be understood as a type of carbonate platforms. Carbonate platforms are succesions formed in shallow water, including rimmed shelves, ramps and isolated buildups. The slope-gradient of ramps are smaller than 1° and have no slope break. Read (1982, 1985) devided ramps into homoclinal and distally steepened. The distinction of there two types remains problematic unless slope or slope apron deposits are present in the record. Most classifications (Markello and Read, 1981; Aigner, 1984; Calvet and Tucker, 1988; Buxton and Pedley, 1989 and Somerville and Strogen,1992) use the fair weather wave base (FWWB) and the storm wave base (SWB), to subdivide ramp depositional systems. On this basis Wright (1986) and Burchette et al. (1990) define four sedimentary subdivisions.

Burchette TP and Wright VP. 1992. Carbonate ramp depositional systems. Sedimentary geology, 79(1-4): 3-57

The iron hypothesis

2010-03-16T13:09:00.002+08:00

iron hypothesis—fertilizing the sea with iron—was first put to the test on the open ocean in 1993. According to Martin's iron hypothesis, seeding the ocean surface with iron should make microscopic marine organisms like diatoms multiply dramatically, which might in turn cool the planet. The big question is: Should this type of "global engineering" be done?

Since 1993, these 12 small-scale open ocean experiments (red dots) have shown that iron additions do indeed result in phytoplankton blooms, thereby drawing carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and into the ocean.
Twelve small experiments have shown that blooms of phytoplankton consistently result from intentional addition of iron to the ocean. But the efficacy and ecological impacts of iron fertilization remain uncertain, particularly with larger-scale experiments. If and when a new round of experiments is begun, these questions will be first on the list:

How long will carbon be sequestered in the ocean?
How deep is deep enough to accomplish this?
How can sequestration efficiency be increased?
How does the ocean food web change during and after a bloom?
Which phytoplankton and grazers raise sequestration efficiency?
Which parts of the ocean are best for iron fertilization?
What size and what shaped patch should be fertilized?
How often and how continually should iron be added?
What kinds of currents and surface conditions give the best results?
How can the amount and fate of carbon from a bloom be verified?
How could effects downstream of experiments be detected?
How could the production of other greenhouse gases be monitored?

References:
http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=34167&sectionid=1000
http://www.palomar.edu/oceanography/iron.htm
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v331/n6154/ris/331341a0.ris
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Hypothesis

Journal Citation Reports- Earth Science

2010-03-08T12:54:00.002+08:00

Full Journal Title	IF	Issues/Year	Publisher	Country/Territory
EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS	6.558	12	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV	NETHERLANDS
GCA	4.235	24	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	UNITED STATES
EPSL	3.955	24	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV	NETHERLANDS
GEOLOGY	3.887	12	GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC	UNITED STATES
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY	3.626	6	AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION	UNITED STATES
GEOBIOLOGY	3.596	4	WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC	ENGLAND
CHEMICAL GEOLOGY	3.531	12	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV	NETHERLANDS
LITHOS	3.303	12	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV	NORWAY
JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY	3.035	6	UNIV CHICAGO PRESS	UNITED STATES
P. P. P.	2.405	24	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV	NETHERLANDS
GEOLOGICA ACTA	2.245	4	UNIV BARCELONA	SPAIN
MARINE GEOLOGY	2.100	14	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV	NETHERLANDS
SEDIMENTOLOGY	1.937	6	WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC	ENGLAND
TERRA NOVA	1.899	6	WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC	ENGLAND
EPISODES	1.87	4	INT UNION GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES	PEOPLES R CHINA
JSR	1.755	6	SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY	UNITED STATES
SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY	1.737	12	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV	NETHERLANDS
PALAIOS	1.604	6	SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY	UNITED STATES
LETHAIA	1.567	4	WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC	NORWAY
ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA	1.431	4	GEOLOGICAL SOC CHINA	PEOPLES R CHINA
AAPG BULLETIN	1.364	12	AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST	UNITED STATES
FACIES	1.288	2	SPRINGER	GERMANY
GEOBIOS	1.089	6	ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS	FRANCE
GEOLOGICAL QUARTERLY	0.892	4	POLISH GEOLOGICAL INST	POLAND
SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES D	0.725	12	SCIENCE CHINA PRESS	PEOPLES R CHINA
CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN	0.683	24	SCIENCE CHINA PRESS	PEOPLES R CHINA
JOURNAL OF CUG	0.151	6	CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES	PEOPLES R CHINA

Sorted by IF

http://admin-apps.isiknowledge.com/JCR/JCR?RQ=HOME

Introduction to limestone classifications

2010-03-08T12:40:00.003+08:00

Introduction to limestone classifications

Although many classifications have been proposed for carbonate rocks and sediments, only two — the Folk (1959/62) and Dunham (1962) classifications — have successfully met the test of time (along with two others that are variants of the Dunham scheme). All four schemes are based on the distinction of three fundamental components: grains (skeletal fragments, ooids, pellets/peloids, intraclasts, and non-carbonate detritus), matrix or carbonate mud, and open pores or sparry-calcite-fi lled primary interparticle porosity (see diagram on previous page). The differences between the classifications are mainly that Folk uses the relative percentages of grains and matrix, Dunham as well as Embry and Klovan use mud- versus grain-supported fabrics, and Wright uses a more genetic division into biological, diagenetic, and depositional fabrics.

Folk (1959/62) classification

Most limestones are classified by Folk allochemical rocks if they contain over l0% allochems (transported carbonate grains). Based on the percentage of interstitial material, the rocks may be further subdivided into two groups: sparry allochemical limestones (containing a sparry calcite cement of clear coarsely crystalline mosaic calcite crystals) and microcrystalline allochemical limestone(containing microcrystalline calcite mud, micrite, which is subtranslucent grayish or brownish particles less than about 5 microns in size). Further subdivision is based on the allochem ratios of Folk (1962) are shown in Scholle & Ulmer-Scholle(2003).

Dunham (1962) classification

In contrast, Dunham's classification (figures above) and its modification by Embry and Klovan (1971) and James (1984) deals with depositional texture. For this reason, his scheme may be better suited for rock descriptions that employ a hand lens or binocular microscope. For example, if the grains of a limestone are touching one another and the sediment contains no mud, then the sediment is called a grainstone. If the carbonate is grain supported but contains a small percentage of mud, then it is known as a packstone. If the sediment is mud supported but contains more than 10 percent grains, then it is known as a wackestone, and if it contains less than 10 percent grains and is mud supported, it is known as a mudstone.

Embry & Klovan (1971) classification

modified the Dunham scheme by further subdividing coarse-grained skeletal deposits and organically formed or organically bound carbonate rocks. The five new terms add to the descriptive capability of the Dunham classification in the area of biogenic deposits, especially reefs and bioherms.

Wright (1992) classification

This summary diagram, showing the essential components of the Wright classification, emphasizes the distinction between carbonate strata influenced by depositional processes (physical), biological processes, or diagenetic processes (both synsedimentary and postdepositional).
Although the names are mainly derived from the Dunham or Embry-Klovan classifi cations, several useful new terms were coined, including “cementstone”, “condensed grainstone”, and “fitted grainstone” for cement-rich or chemically compacted limestones.

References
Dunham, R. J., 1962, Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture. In: Ham, W. E. (ed.), Classification of carbonate rocks: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, p. 108-121.
Embry, AF, and Klovan, JE, 1971, A Late Devonian reef tract on Northeastern Banks Island, NWT: Canadian Petroleum Geology Bulletin, v. 19, p. 730-781.
Folk, R.L., 1959, Practical petrographic classification of limestones: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 43, p. 1-38.
Folk, R.L., 1962, Spectral subdivision of limestone types, in Ham, W.E., ed., Classification of Carbonate Rocks-A Symposium: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 1, p. 62-84.
James, N.P., 1984, Shallowing-upward sequences in carbonates, in Walker, R.G., ed., Facies Models: Geological Association of Canada, Geoscience Canada, Reprint Series 1, p. 213–228.
Scholle, P. A. and Ulmer-Scholle, D. S, 2003, A Color Guide to the Petrography of Carbonate Rocks: AAPG Memoir 77, 474 p

My Chinese blog

2010-03-06T20:17:00.001+08:00

I have not updated my blog for a long time for some reason. Here is my Chinese blog: http://xitingliu.blog.sohu.com/.

18th International Sedimentological Congress

2009-05-13T22:27:00.004+08:00

On behalf of the Organising Committee, we are pleased to invite you to the 18thInternational Sedimentological Congress 2010 in Mendoza, Argentina. Firstconvened in Belgium 60 years ago, this next event will be held in the Argentineancity of Mendoza and for the second time in South America, after the 14th ISC inRecife (Brazil) in 1994.

More information please click here

I hope to have the honor of participating in this event！！

Fossil-sponge or bryozoan?

2009-05-12T20:29:00.006+08:00

In my field work, I found many fossils that I could not know! Here is a beautiful one in limestone from Permian, looks like an earthworm, maybe some bryozoan. Any one who knows this fossil, please leaves me a message, thanks!

The tag is about 1 centimeter.

Here is a great web site about bryozoans. Recent and Fossil Bryozoa.

Perspectives in Carbonate Geology: A Tribute to the Career of Robert Nathan Ginsburg

2009-05-07T18:31:00.008+08:00

"Perspectives in Carbonate Geology", is a new book for carbonate sedimentology. It will be another great work, it includes 22 chapters, some new models of comparative sedimentology are proposed! Here is the tables of contents, from WILEY!

You can find the manuscript here!

http://mgg.rsmas.miami.edu/rnggsa/index.htm

Perspectives in Carbonate Geology

Professor Peter K Swart (Editor), Gregor Eberli (Editor), Judith A McKenzie (Editor)
ISBN: 978-1-4051-9380-1
Hardcover
384 pages
April 2009, Wiley-Blackwell

1. Depth and species-related patterns of Holocene reef accretion in the Caribbean and western Atlantic: a critical assessment of existing models.
2. The mystique of beachrock.
3. A reevaluation of facies on Great Bahama Bank I: new facies maps of western Great Bahama Bank.
4. A reevaluation of facies on Great Bahama Bank II: variations in the δ13C, δ18O and mineralogy of surface sediments.
5. Stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in modern sediments of carbonate platforms, barrier reefs, atolls and ramps: patterns and implications.
6. A tale of two storms: an integrated field, remote sensing, and modelling study examining the impact of hurricanes Frances and Jeanne on carbonate systems, Bahamas.
7. Rapid recycling and deposition of organic-rich carbonates within the coastal complex of southwest Florida.
8. The paradoxical occurrence of oolitic limestone on the eastern islands of Great Bahama Bank: where do the ooids come from?.
9. Calcareous epiphyte production in cool-water carbonate depositional environments, southern Australia.
10. Microbes versus metazoans as dominant reef builders: insights from modern marine environments in Exuma Cays, Bahamas.
11. Microbial dolomite precipitation under aerobic conditions: results from Brejo do Espinho Lagoon (Brazil) and culture experiments.
12. Karst subbasins and their relationship to cross-Florida Platform transport of Tertiary siliciclastics.
13. Controls on facies mosaics of carbonate platforms: a case study from the Oxfordian of the Swiss Jura.
14. On the allocyclic interpretation of the ‘Latemar Cycles’ (Middle Triassic, the Dolomites, Italy) and implications for high-frequency cyclostratigraphic forcing.
15. Phylloid algal mounds in the Paradox Basin, southwestern USA: an alternative to the in situ constructional growth model?.
16. The Cincinnati Arch: a stationary peripheral bulge during the Late Ordovician.
17. Reinterpreting a Proterozoic enigma: Conophyton - Jacutophyton stromatolite reefs of the Mesoproterozoic Atar Group, Mauritania.
18. Layering - What does it mean?.
19. Falling-stage systems tracts in tropical carbonate rocks.
20. Early load-induced fracturing in a prograding carbonate margin.
21. Markov models for linking environments and facies in space and time.
22. Evaluating validity and reliability in high-resolution stratigraphic analysis

Ooid and oolites

2009-05-02T18:23:00.008+08:00

Ooid is one of the coated grains, is usually composed of calcium carbonate. It is commonly from shallow tropical seas, for example GBB. They can be cementde together to form carbonate rocks, named oolite.

Whether the primary mineral is of ooid is aragonite or calcite is determined by the Mg/Ca of the seawater. And there is a long secular variation in seawater, called aragonite sea and calcite sea.

In Lower Triassic of South China there are many Oolitic banks, which now are good oil and gas reservoir.

The picture is from my good friend, Feinan Li, who is interested in oolits.

Differential diagenesis

2009-05-01T10:33:00.005+08:00

Differential diagenesis is proposed to interpret the alternating cemented and uncemented, fine-grained layers from Pliocene periplatform carbonates of the Great Bahama Bank (Westphal H, Head M J, Munnecke A. 2000).

There are also limestone-marl alternations in Phanerozoic eons, for example, Silurian of Gotland, Sweden(Munnecke A, Samtleben C. 1996). I find a analogous alternation in south China, and I want to find its origin. The difficulty is that the geochemical model. where does dissolusion take place? where does the reprecipitation occur?

More information about the topic:

Munnecke A, Samtleben C. 1996. The formation of micritic limestones and the development of limestone-marl alternations in the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden. Facies, 34(1): 159-176.
Westphal H, Head M J, Munnecke A. 2000. Differential Diagenesis of Rhythmic Limestone Alternations Supported by Palynological Evidence. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 70(3): 715-725.

Journals for Sedimentology

2009-05-01T10:18:00.003+08:00

Journal of Sedimentary Petrology/Research
Sedimentology
Sedimentary Geology
沉积学报（in Chinese）
American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Facies
Marine Geology
Palaios
Journal of Geology
Geological Society of America Bulletin
Geology
Journal of Geology
Acta Geologica Sinica
American Journal of Science
Earth Science Reviews

Carbonate Bible

2009-04-22T19:56:00.002+08:00

Controls on Carbonate Platform and Reef Development
Edited by: Jeff Lukasik and J.A. (Toni) Simo

Carbonate Sedimentology and Sequence Stratigraphy‎
by Wolfgang Schlager

Microfacies of carbonate rocks: analysis, interpretation and application‎
by Erik Flügel

A color guide to the petrography of carbonate rocks: grains, textures
by Dana S. Ulmer-Scholle

Carbonate Sedimentology‎
by Maurice E Tucker, V Paul Wright

Carbonate Diagenesis‎
by Maurice E. Tucker, Robin G. C. Bathurst

Carbonate diagenesis and porosity‎
by Clyde H. Moore, Clyde M. Moore

Carbonate Depositional Environments‎
by Peter A. Scholle, Don G. Bebout, Clyde H. Moore

Carbonate sediments and their diagenesis Developments in sedimentology‎
by Robin G. C. Bathurst

Carbonate Facies in Geological History‎
by James L. Wilson

Carbonate rocks‎
by George V. Chilingar

Pressure dissolution or chemical compaction

2009-04-22T18:31:00.001+08:00

Pressure dissolution (Sorby 1908) is the petrologic process wherein minerals dissolve as the result of pressure applied externally to them. Because pressure dissolution leads to a reduction of volume of the rock in which it occurs, it is also called chemical compaction(Lloyed 1977). The product of chemical compaction as fellows:

fitted-fabric

dissolution seam

stylolite

In limestone-marl aternations, differential compaction happend, in limestone no or rare compaction, but it is common in marl. It is due to the stratified cementation, the more cemented strata resisted further compaction.

picture from Permian South China

My first blog here

2009-04-18T19:21:00.001+08:00

Hello, I am glad to be here, for the first, I will introduce myself. I am a graduate student on carbonate sedimentology, and my English is very poor, I come here to learn English and exchange thoughts with others on carbonate sedimentology and diagenesis. Now, I am interested in limestone-marl alternations, to discover whether they origined from sedimentary or diagenetic process!